Hybrid Annuity Model — government pays 40% of project cost during construction, balance through annuity over operation period. Reduces concessionaire revenue risk.

Are PPP disputes arbitrable?

Generally yes — most concession agreements have arbitration clauses (domestic / international). Some matters (constitutional, public interest) may go to writ courts.

Viability Gap Funding — government grant for projects that are economically justified but commercially unviable. Up to 20-40% of project cost can be VGF.

PPP (Public Private Partnership) Projects

Legal advisory for Public Private Partnership projects in real estate and infrastructure — concession agreements, BOT, BOOT, viability gap funding and dispute resolution.

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Overview

Understanding PPP (Public Private Partnership) Projects

Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects pool government and private resources to deliver infrastructure and real-estate outcomes — highways, ports, airports, urban renewal, low-income housing, hospitals and educational institutions. Common models include BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer), BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer), DBFOT (Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Transfer), HAM (Hybrid Annuity Model) and DBFOM. PPP transactions are highly complex — long-term concession agreements (20-30+ years), tariff regulation, force majeure, change-in-law, termination payments, escrow, dispute resolution and financing security. Both sides require specialist counsel. We represent both Authorities (Central / State / ULBs) and Concessionaires (Indian and foreign). We draft RFQ / RFP / MCAs (Model Concession Agreements), advise on bid strategy, financial closure, termination and arbitration / Conciliation Settlement.

Why Legal Door

Built for Outcomes, Trusted Pan-India

Specialist lawyers, transparent pricing and end-to-end execution from first call to final order.

Both Sides Experience

Acted for Authorities and Concessionaires; brings balanced perspective.

Sector Coverage

Roads, ports, airports, urban infra, real-estate-led PPP, smart cities.

Financial Closure Coordination

Bank-side documentation harmonized with concession agreement.

Dispute Resolution

Active in Conciliation, Arbitration (SIAC, ICC, ICA) and writ proceedings.

What We Cover

Key Highlights

PPP model selection (BOT / BOOT / DBFOT / HAM / DBFOM)

Concession agreement drafting

Bid documentation (RFQ / RFP)

Tariff and revenue-share structuring

Force majeure and change-in-law

Termination and termination payments

Viability gap funding (VGF) and grant-funded PPPs

Equity lock-in, change in shareholding

Lender step-in and substitution

Dispute resolution clauses

Our Process

How We Help You

A straightforward, transparent path from first call to resolution.

1Project Structuring

Choose appropriate PPP model based on project economics, risk allocation and authority capacity.

2Documentation

RFQ, RFP, Model Concession Agreement, escrow, security documents.

3Bidding & Award

Bidding process management, evaluation, letter of award.

4Financial Closure

Lender documentation, hedging, security creation.

5Project Execution

Construction, operations, change orders, dispute management.

6Handover

End-of-concession transfer, reconciliation, handover.

Legal Framework

Applicable Laws & Regulations

Key statutes, rules and judicial precedents that govern this service.

Constitution of India — Article 245-294

Power to enter into contracts and acquire property.

Indian Contract Act, 1872

Foundational contract law.

Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996

Dispute resolution framework.

Sector-Specific Acts

NHAI Act, Major Port Trusts Act, Airports Authority Act, etc.

Avoid These Mistakes

Common Pitfalls

Costly errors we routinely help clients fix — or better, avoid altogether.

Risk Allocation Imbalance

One-sided risk allocation leads to bid failures or future disputes.

Termination Payment Inadequacy

Termination payment formulas favoring authorities discourage private investment and complicate financing.

Force Majeure Drafting

Generic FM clauses fail in projects with regulatory volatility.

Lender Step-in Restrictions

Restrictive step-in undermines bankability.

FAQs

Common Questions

Everything you need to know before you begin

BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer): Concessionaire builds, operates for concession period, transfers to authority. BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer): Concessionaire owns the asset during operation; transfers at end.

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Related Services

Land Acquisition

Real Estate Project Finance

Property Dispute Resolution & Arbitration

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